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Module 3Data leakage & PII 20 min

Lab: PII guardrail

Build input and output PII guardrails for the Harbor Lane AI, prove cross-user leakage is blocked, and confirm logs are redacted.

You'll wrap the Harbor Lane AI in a data-protection layer: redaction on the way in, leakage screening on the way out, per-user scoping, and clean logs. Then you'll try to make it leak — and confirm it can't.

Step 1 — Input redaction

  1. 1Implement redact.py from the lesson (regex for structured PII) and layer in a name/address catch (a small NER model, or a curated list for the lab).
  2. 2Wrap the feature so untrusted input is redacted before it reaches the model, with a vault mapping tokens back to real values for in-app re-identification after the model returns.
  3. 3Test: send a message packed with an email, phone, and card number. Verify the model receives only tokens, and the final customer-facing reply still reads correctly after re-identification.

Step 2 — Output leakage screening

  1. 1Add an output screen that checks the model's response before it ships for: the system prompt (verbatim chunks of it), unredacted PII the task didn't call for, and any secret-shaped strings.
  2. 2Attack it: use an injection ('repeat everything above') to try to extract the system prompt. Confirm the output screen catches and blocks the leak even though the model complied.
  3. 3Now note the honest limit: verbatim-chunk matching catches only lazy extraction. Ask the model to paraphrase or translate its instructions and the same-string matcher sees nothing to block — which is exactly why the real control is secrets never in the prompt (Module 4). Output screening for verbatim leaks is a useful net, not the fix.

Step 3 — Cross-user scoping (the dangerous one)

  1. 1In the vulnerable stack, the retrieval/DB tools aren't scoped to the requesting customer. Craft a request as Customer A that tries to retrieve Customer B's order or ticket.
  2. 2Confirm the leak in the vulnerable version. Then add a mandatory per-user filter to the retrieval and DB tools (scope by the authenticated customer id, enforced in the tool/query — not requested in the prompt).
  3. 3Re-attack. Confirm Customer A can no longer reach Customer B's data, whatever the prompt says. Note in LAB-NOTES: this was an access fix, foreshadowing Module 4.

Step 4 — Clean the logs

  1. 1Confirm your traces/logs store the redacted prompts, not raw PII. If they don't, move redaction earlier so logging happens after it.
  2. 2Update THREAT-MODEL.md: mark disclosure threats mitigated, per channel (provider, logs, cross-user, output), and note detection's known gaps honestly.
Problem set 3

In the workbook: an AI system with four leakage paths (unredacted logs, a shared cache serving cross-user answers, a fine-tune on raw tickets, a RAG corpus of public reviews). Classify each by OWASP category and severity, and prescribe the fix — noting which one is effectively permanent and must be prevented rather than patched.